ACTIVE BIOLOGIC TRANSPORT Meaning and
Definition
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Active biologic transport is a process that allows the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane, against a concentration gradient, with the expenditure of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The transport occurs through specialized proteins called transporters or pumps, which are embedded in the cell membrane.
In active biologic transport, the transport proteins utilize energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration, a process known as uphill or against the concentration gradient. This mechanism involves the active participation of transport proteins, which bind to the specific molecules or ions they are designed to transport and undergo conformational changes to facilitate their movement.
Active biologic transport is essential for various cellular processes, such as the uptake of essential nutrients or ions, secretion of waste products, and maintenance of intracellular ion concentrations. By actively regulating the movement of molecules, cells can control their internal environment and ensure the proper functioning of vital biochemical reactions.
Examples of active biologic transport include the sodium-potassium pump, which moves sodium ions out of cells while pumping potassium ions inward, and the proton pump, which transports hydrogen ions across cell membranes. These processes are critical for maintaining the electrochemical balance required for cellular function and are found in various cell types across different organisms.
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