Adrenergic beta receptor blockers, also known as beta-blockers or beta-adrenergic antagonists, are a class of medications that work by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors in the body. These receptors are part of the autonomic nervous system and are primarily located in the heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
When activated by the stress hormone adrenaline (epinephrine), beta-adrenergic receptors stimulate the "fight-or-flight" response, leading to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and the release of glucose into the bloodstream. By blocking these receptors, beta-blockers reduce the effects of adrenaline, resulting in a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and the workload on the heart.
Beta-blockers are commonly prescribed for various medical conditions, including hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), heart failure, and arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms). They are also used in the management of certain cardiac and non-cardiac disorders, such as migraines, tremors, anxiety, and glaucoma.
These medications are usually taken orally in the form of tablets, and they come in different types, including non-selective beta-blockers that block both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors and selective beta-blockers that primarily target beta-1 receptors. The choice of beta-blocker depends on the specific condition being treated and individual patient characteristics.
While these medications are generally well-tolerated, they may cause side effects such as fatigue, dizziness, and cold hands and feet. It's important to note that sudden discontinuation of beta-blockers can lead to rebound hypertension or worsening of the original condition, so it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before starting or stopping these medications.
