Anchylostomum, also known as Ancylostoma, is a genus of parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Ancylostomatidae. These small, thread-like worms are commonly found in the intestines of various mammals, including humans. The name "Anchylostomum" is derived from the Greek words "ankylos," meaning curved or hooked, and "stoma," referring to the mouth, denoting their characteristic curved mouthparts.
These nematodes have a complex life cycle, involving both free-living and parasitic stages. The infective larvae of Anchylostomum typically reside in the soil, where they actively penetrate the skin of their host upon contact. Once inside the body, the larvae migrate through the bloodstream to the lungs, where they are coughed up and then swallowed, finally reaching the small intestine. Here, they mature into adult worms, attaching themselves to the intestinal wall and feeding on blood.
Anchylostomum spp. are known to cause diseases collectively referred to as ancylostomiasis or hookworm infections. The symptoms of this infection may vary, but common manifestations include abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, and fatigue. Severe cases can lead to malnutrition, stunted growth (in children), and even death if left untreated.
Prevention and control of an Anchylostomum infection typically involve maintaining good hygiene practices, such as proper sanitation, wearing protective footwear in areas with contaminated soil, and regular deworming of pets. Treatment usually involves antiparasitic medications that target the adult worms in the intestines, alleviating the symptoms and preventing further complications.
