Aortopulmonary septal defect (APSD), also known as aortopulmonary window, is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. In a healthy heart, the aorta, which carries oxygenated blood to the body, is completely separated from the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs. However, in individuals with APSD, there is a hole or defect in the septum (wall) between these two major blood vessels.
This defect allows blood from the higher-pressure aorta to flow directly into the lower-pressure pulmonary artery, causing a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. As a result, the oxygenated blood is not adequately distributed to the body, leading to a decrease in oxygen levels. Symptoms of APSD may include difficulty breathing, poor weight gain, excessive sweating, and bluish coloration of the nails, lips, or skin (cyanosis).
The diagnosis of APSD is typically made using various imaging techniques such as echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or cardiac MRI. Treatment for APSD usually involves surgical closure of the defect to restore the normal flow of blood within the heart. This can be performed through open-heart surgery or less invasive catheter-based procedures.
Without treatment, APSD can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and increased risk of respiratory infections. However, with timely intervention and appropriate medical care, the prognosis for individuals with APSD is generally favorable, and most are able to lead normal, healthy lives. Regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist are important to monitor the individual's condition and ensure long-term cardiac health.
