Atrial Premature Complexes (APCs) refer to abnormal electrical impulses that arise in the atria of the heart and disrupt the normal rhythm. The atria are the upper chambers of the heart responsible for receiving blood and pumping it into the ventricles. In a healthy state, the electrical signals that control the heartbeat originate in the sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium, and then spread to the atrioventricular (AV) node, which controls the contraction of the ventricles.
With APCs, an electrical impulse is prematurely generated within the atria, bypasses the SA node, and causes an early heartbeat. This can occur spontaneously or due to various factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, or certain medications. The premature impulse can also originate from other sites within the atria, such as the pulmonary veins.
APCs often manifest as a premature beat felt as an irregular, extra or skipped heartbeat. They can be benign and asymptomatic, or cause palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or chest discomfort. Diagnosis is typically based on electrocardiogram (ECG) findings that show premature atrial contractions.
Although APCs are generally harmless and require no treatment, addressing any underlying conditions, such as hypertension or electrolyte imbalances, may be necessary. In cases where APCs cause significant symptoms or lead to more serious arrhythmias, medications or other interventions may be prescribed to regulate the heartbeat.
Regular monitoring and evaluation by a healthcare professional are essential to ensure proper management of APCs and to rule out any underlying cardiac conditions.
