Basilar artery stenosis refers to the narrowing or constriction of the basilar artery, a major blood vessel located at the base of the brain. The basilar artery is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the posterior part of the brain, including the brainstem, cerebellum, and certain structures within the cerebral hemispheres.
Stenosis, or narrowing, of this artery can occur due to the buildup of plaque, which is composed of cholesterol, fat, and other substances, on the inner walls of the artery. This narrowing can restrict blood flow and potentially result in reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain.
The most common cause of basilar artery stenosis is atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of plaque in the arteries. Other factors that may contribute to this condition include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and an unhealthy diet.
Symptoms of basilar artery stenosis can vary depending on the degree of narrowing and the specific area of the brain affected. Common symptoms may include dizziness, vertigo, difficulty walking, double vision, slurred speech, and changes in coordination.
Treatment for basilar artery stenosis may involve lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet and exercising regularly, to reduce risk factors. Medications can be prescribed to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, and prevent blood clot formation. In some cases, interventional procedures like angioplasty or stenting may be performed to open up the narrowed artery and restore proper blood flow.
