A biochemical tumor marker refers to a substance or molecule that is produced by tumor cells or released into the bloodstream due to the presence of a tumor or abnormal growth in the body. These markers can be measured and detected through laboratory tests, helping in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of various types of cancers.
Such markers are specific to certain types of tumors and may include proteins, enzymes, hormones, genetic materials, and antigens. They are typically present in higher levels in individuals with cancer compared to healthy individuals. Examples of commonly used biochemical tumor markers include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for colorectal cancer, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for liver cancer.
Biochemical tumor markers play a significant role in several aspects of cancer management. They aid in the early detection of cancer, guiding healthcare professionals in the selection of appropriate diagnostic tests and imaging techniques. These markers can also help in determining the stage and progression of the disease, as well as monitoring the effectiveness of treatment therapies and detecting potential tumor relapse.
While biochemical tumor markers are valuable diagnostic tools, they are not stand-alone evidence of the presence or absence of cancer. Their levels can be influenced by various factors, including the stage and location of the tumor, other underlying medical conditions, and individual variations. Therefore, they are usually used in combination with other clinical assessments and tests to provide a comprehensive evaluation of a patient's condition and guide the healthcare team in making informed decisions.
