The term "black swallowtail" refers to a species of butterfly scientifically known as Papilio polyxenes, which belongs to the family Papilionidae. This butterfly species is primarily found in North America, particularly across the eastern and central regions, as well as into parts of Canada and Mexico.
The adult black swallowtail butterfly possesses an impressive wingspan that measures around 7.5 to 10 centimeters. The upper side of its wings is predominantly black in color, showcasing striking iridescent blue on the hindwings. The males display narrow yellow bands along the edges of the wings, while the females have larger, iridescent blue spots. These visual characteristics aid in identifying and differentiating between the sexes.
Black swallowtails undergo a complete metamorphosis, transitioning through an egg, caterpillar, chrysalis, and butterfly stage. The larvae, commonly referred to as parsley worms or carrot worms, are the caterpillar form of black swallowtails. Caterpillars display a vivid appearance, adorned with black and green coloration, as well as orange and yellow dots. They feed on various host plants, particularly those from the Apiaceae family, such as parsley, dill, fennel, and carrot tops.
With their distinct characteristics and widespread presence, black swallowtails are not only admired for their natural beauty but are also valued due to their significant contribution to pollination as nectar feeders.
