The Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) is a viral pathogen that primarily affects cattle and belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. It causes a contagious respiratory tract infection characterized by syncytia formation and severe respiratory symptoms in infected animals.
BRSV is globally prevalent and most commonly affects young cattle, particularly calves between three weeks and one-year-old, although it can also infect adult animals. The virus spreads via direct contact, respiratory secretions, and aerosol transmission.
Upon infection, BRSV targets the respiratory epithelial cells lining the upper and lower airways. The virus replicates in the cells, leading to cell damage and inflammation in the respiratory tract. This can result in various respiratory symptoms, including coughing, nasal discharge, pneumonia, and decreased feed intake. Infected animals may also exhibit fever, lethargy, and a depressed immune response, making them more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections.
Diagnosing BRSV often involves a combination of clinical signs, laboratory analysis, and serological tests. Although no specific antiviral treatment exists, supportive care, such as good nutrition, hydration, and appropriate management practices, can help affected animals recover. Vaccination programs are also available to help prevent BRSV infections and reduce disease transmission within cattle populations.
Efforts to control BRSV include implementing biosecurity measures, quarantining affected animals, and maintaining herd immunity through vaccination. Prompt identification, isolation, and treatment of infected animals are crucial to minimize the economic impact and potential long-term consequences of BRSV infections in cattle.
