Cancer of the cervix, also known as cervical cancer, is a malignant tumor that originates in the tissues of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. This type of cancer is typically caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is commonly transmitted through sexual contact.
Cervical cancer usually develops over a long period of time, beginning with the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix known as precancerous cells. These cells have the potential to become cancerous if not detected and treated. If left unchecked, the abnormal cells can develop into invasive cancer and spread to nearby tissues and organs, such as the uterus or vagina. In advanced stages, cervical cancer can even metastasize to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, bladder, lungs, or liver.
Early stages of cervical cancer may not present noticeable symptoms, which is why regular screening through Pap tests and HPV tests is recommended for early detection. As the cancer progresses, common symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse, pelvic pain, unusual vaginal discharge, and urinary problems.
The treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the overall health condition of the patient. It may involve surgery to remove the cancerous cells, radiation therapy to target and destroy cancer cells, chemotherapy to kill cancer cells throughout the body, or a combination of these approaches.
Prevention of cervical cancer primarily involves routine cervical screenings, HPV vaccination, practicing safe sex, using condoms, and avoiding multiple sexual partners. Early detection and intervention are crucial in improving the prognosis and chances of survival for individuals with cervical cancer.
