Cat scratch disease (CSD), also known as cat scratch fever, is a bacterial infection caused by the organism Bartonella henselae. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the scratches, bites, or licks from infected cats, particularly kittens. The disease is characterized by a localized area of redness and swelling at the site of the cat scratch or bite, followed by the development of tender lymph nodes in the adjacent area.
The symptoms of cat scratch disease typically appear within 1-3 weeks following exposure to an infected cat. Common signs include a small papule or blister at the site of the scratch or bite, which may evolve into an ulcer. Affected individuals may experience fatigue, fever, headache, and sore throat. The lymph nodes near the scratch or bite site may become swollen, tender, and painful, and in rare cases, abscesses may form.
Most cases of cat scratch disease resolve without treatment, although in severe cases, antibiotic therapy may be necessary. It is important to clean cat scratches or bites promptly with soap and water to prevent infection. Additionally, avoiding contact with stray or feral cats and using appropriate flea control measures for household pets can help reduce the risk of acquiring the disease.
While cat scratch disease is predominantly a harmless condition, it can occasionally lead to complications, such as eye infections, severe lymph node inflammation, or, rarely, infection of the liver, spleen, or brain. Individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to these complications.
