Cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (cPNET) is a rare, aggressive type of brain tumor that originates from the primitive cells of the central nervous system. It primarily affects children and young adults, although it can occur in individuals of any age. cPNETs are highly malignant and can rapidly infiltrate adjacent brain tissue and spread to other parts of the central nervous system.
Histologically, cPNETs are characterized by primitive, undifferentiated neuroectodermal cells that resemble the early stages of embryonic development. These tumors commonly arise in the cerebrum, particularly in the cerebral hemispheres, where they can cause various neurological symptoms such as headaches, seizures, blurred vision, speech difficulties, and changes in behavior or cognition.
Diagnosis of cPNETs involves a combination of imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as a biopsy to assess the cellular characteristics of the tumor. Treatment options for cPNETs typically involve a multidisciplinary approach, including surgical resection if feasible, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy to target any remaining tumor cells and prevent recurrence or metastasis.
Despite advancements in medical care, the prognosis for cPNET patients remains guarded, as these tumors are often diagnosed at advanced stages and can be resistant to treatment. However, outcomes can vary widely depending on the individual's age, general health, tumor location, and response to therapy. Research efforts are ongoing to explore new treatment strategies and improve the survival rates for individuals with cPNET.
