COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY Meaning and
Definition
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Colligative property refers to a set of physical characteristics of a solution that solely depend on the number of solute particles present, rather than their chemical identity or nature. These properties are influenced by the interactions between the solvent and the solute molecules, and they include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure.
Boiling point elevation occurs when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent, thereby increasing the boiling point of the solution compared to the pure solvent. This is due to the solute particles interacting with the solvent, making it more difficult for the solvent molecules to escape from the liquid phase.
Freezing point depression, on the other hand, is the lowering of the freezing point of a solvent when a solute is dissolved in it. The presence of solute particles disrupts the formation of regular crystal lattices, making it more difficult for the solvent to solidify at a specific temperature.
Vapor pressure lowering happens when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent, resulting in a decrease in the vapor pressure of the solution compared to the pure solvent. The solute particles reduce the number of solvent molecules that evaporate, hence lowering the overall vapor pressure.
Lastly, osmotic pressure refers to the pressure that develops across a semipermeable membrane due to the flow of solvent molecules through the membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. It is directly proportional to the solute concentration, signifying the ability of a solution to draw in solvent molecules through osmosis.
Common Misspellings for COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY
- xolligative property
- volligative property
- folligative property
- dolligative property
- cilligative property
- cklligative property
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- collugative property
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- collogative property
Etymology of COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY
The word "colligative" derives from the Latin word "colligatus", which means "bound together" or "connected". The term "colligative property" is used to describe a property of a solution that depends solely on the number of solute particles present, rather than their specific nature. The term was introduced by the Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus Van 't Hoff in the late 19th century to describe the osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure lowering properties of solutions. These properties are influenced by the colligative effect, which results from the solute particles binding and interacting with the solvent particles, thus altering the physical behavior of the solution.
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