Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp and detailed vision. The macula consists of multiple layers of cells, and when these layers become inflamed or damaged, it can lead to the development of cyst-like spaces filled with fluid, resulting in a swelling of the macula.
Cystoid macular edema can occur as a complication of various eye disorders or injuries, including retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. It can also be caused by certain medications or surgeries. The exact mechanisms behind the development of CME are not fully understood, but it is believed to be a result of increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluids into the macula.
Common symptoms of cystoid macular edema include blurry or distorted central vision, decreased visual acuity, and the appearance of wavy or distorted lines. Some individuals may also experience colors appearing less vibrant or difficulties in reading fine print. The severity of symptoms can vary, ranging from mildly bothersome to severely impairing vision.
Diagnosis of cystoid macular edema usually involves a comprehensive eye examination, including a visual acuity test, dilated fundus examination, and specialized imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications to reduce inflammation, anti-VEGF injections to inhibit abnormal blood vessel growth, or laser treatment to seal leaking blood vessels.
Early detection and prompt management of cystoid macular edema are crucial to prevent permanent vision loss and maintain optimal visual function. Regular eye examinations and close monitoring of any risk factors or pre-existing
