DNA HYBRIDISATION Meaning and
Definition
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DNA hybridisation is a molecular technique used to study the similarity and differences in DNA sequences between two or more organisms. It involves the formation of hydrogen bonds between single-stranded DNA molecules from different sources to create a stable double-stranded DNA molecule.
In DNA hybridisation, single-stranded DNA molecules, known as probes, are labeled with a radioactive or fluorescent tag and allowed to bind with complementary DNA strands, known as targets, in a test sample. The probes are designed to be complementary to specific DNA sequences of interest. This complementary pairing signifies the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences in the sample. The hybridisation process occurs through base pairing, in which the purine bases adenine (A) binds with thymine (T) and guanine (G) binds with cytosine (C).
The extent of hybridisation is determined by measuring the amount of radioactivity or fluorescence emitted from the target DNA strands, providing a measure of the amount of similarity between the probe and the target DNA sequence. This technique allows scientists to compare DNA samples from different sources, such as different species or individuals, and assess their genetic relatedness or genetic variation.
DNA hybridisation has a wide range of applications, including genetic testing, DNA fingerprinting, phylogenetic analysis, detection of genetic diseases, and identification of pathogens. It is a fundamental tool in molecular biology and has revolutionized the study of genetics and genomics.
Common Misspellings for DNA HYBRIDISATION
- sna hybridisation
- xna hybridisation
- cna hybridisation
- fna hybridisation
- rna hybridisation
- ena hybridisation
- dba hybridisation
- dma hybridisation
- dja hybridisation
- dha hybridisation
- dnz hybridisation
- dns hybridisation
- dnw hybridisation
- dnq hybridisation
- dna gybridisation
- dna bybridisation
- dna nybridisation
- dna jybridisation
- dna uybridisation
- dna yybridisation
Etymology of DNA HYBRIDISATION
The term "DNA hybridization" combines two separate words: "DNA" and "hybridization".
1. DNA: The acronym "DNA" stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The term was first coined by the Swiss biochemist Frederic Miescher in 1869. The word "deoxyribo-" refers to the sugar molecule deoxyribose, which is a key component of DNA. "Nucleic acid" refers to the category of biological macromolecules to which DNA belongs.
2. Hybridization: The term "hybridization" comes from the word "hybrid", which generally refers to the offspring resulting from the mating of two different species or varieties. The origin of "hybrid" can be traced back to the Latin word "hybrida", meaning "offspring of a mixed union". The verb "hybridize" denotes the process of creating or producing hybrids.
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