Eastern equine encephalitides (EEE) refers to a group of diseases caused by the eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). It is a rare, but serious, mosquito-borne illness that primarily affects horses and humans. EEE is predominantly found in North, Central, and South America, particularly in the eastern regions.
The virus is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, with birds acting as the main reservoir hosts. The symptoms of EEE can vary from mild flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, and fatigue, to more severe manifestations, including encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), seizures, and coma. The disease has a high mortality rate in both horses and humans, with survivors often experiencing long-term neurological damage.
Prevention of EEE mainly involves controlling the mosquito population by using insect repellents, eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed, and utilizing protective clothing. Vaccination is also available for horses, reducing their risk of contracting the disease.
Diagnosis of EEE typically involves identifying the presence of EEEV antibodies in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment options are limited, primarily focusing on supportive care to control symptoms and managing complications. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment available for EEE.
Due to its potentially severe consequences and lack of specific treatment options, EEE is considered a public health concern. Public health authorities play a crucial role in monitoring the disease, implementing mosquito control programs, and promoting awareness among the public to prevent the spread of EEE.
