Ecthyma contagiosum viruses, also known as Orf viruses, are a group of DNA viruses that primarily infect sheep, goats, and other ruminant animals. The viruses belong to the Parapoxvirus genus and are highly contagious, causing significant economic losses in affected livestock populations.
Ecthyma contagiosum viruses are characterized by the development of painful blister-like lesions on the skin and mucous membranes of infected animals. The lesions typically appear as raised, reddish papules that progress to form thick scabs or crusts. This condition is commonly found on the lips, muzzle, nostrils, and feet of infected animals.
Transmission of the viruses occurs through direct contact with infected animals or through contact with contaminated environments, such as feeding troughs and fences. In humans, ecthyma contagiosum viruses can cause a similar condition known as Orf, primarily through occupational exposure, such as handling infected animals.
Although ecthyma contagiosum infections are generally self-limiting in both animals and humans, secondary bacterial infections can occur, leading to complications and slower healing. Vaccination is available for controlling the spread of the disease in livestock.
In summary, ecthyma contagiosum viruses are highly contagious DNA viruses that cause painful skin lesions in ruminant animals, primarily sheep and goats. These viruses can also infect humans, resulting in a condition known as Orf. Proper hygiene practices and vaccination are essential for preventing the spread and minimizing the economic impact of this viral infection in livestock populations.
