ENTEROCYTE Meaning and
Definition
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An enterocyte refers to a specialized cell located in the epithelial lining of the small intestine. It is involved in the absorption of nutrients and other substances from the intestinal lumen into the bloodstream. Enterocytes are cylindrical in shape, possess a brush border of microvilli on their apical surface, and are tightly packed together to form the intestinal mucosa.
The primary function of enterocytes is the absorption of various nutrients, such as sugars, amino acids, fats, vitamins, and minerals. These cells have numerous foldings of their apical membrane, called microvilli, which significantly increase the surface area available for absorption. Each enterocyte contains numerous intracellular organelles, including mitochondria for energy production and Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging absorbed nutrients.
Enterocytes utilize specialized transporter proteins located on their apical membrane to facilitate the uptake of nutrients. For instance, glucose and amino acids are transported into enterocytes by sodium-dependent transporters, allowing them to enter the bloodstream. After absorption, nutrients are processed within the enterocytes and may further pass into the lymphatic system or systemic circulation.
In addition to nutrient absorption, enterocytes also function in the secretion of digestive enzymes and mucus. They are involved in immune functions by producing antimicrobial peptides that help defend against harmful microorganisms within the intestines. Enterocytes play a vital role in maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of the intestinal barrier, which is crucial for overall health and nutrient absorption.
Common Misspellings for ENTEROCYTE
Etymology of ENTEROCYTE
The word "enterocyte" is derived from two Greek words: "enteron" meaning "intestine" and "kytos" meaning "cell". "Enteron" refers to the intestines or the digestive tract, while "kytos" refers to a cell. Therefore, when combined, "enterocyte" translates to "intestinal cell". It is a term commonly used in biology and anatomy to describe the absorptive cells that line the intestines, playing a crucial role in nutrient absorption.
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