Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis or mono, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It primarily affects adolescents and young adults, although individuals of any age can contract the illness.
Symptoms of glandular fever can vary but often include fatigue, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits, and enlarged spleen. Some individuals may also experience a rash, jaundice, muscle aches, and headache. The illness typically lasts for several weeks, but it may take several months for individuals to fully recover.
The virus is transmitted through saliva, hence its nickname "the kissing disease," but it can also be spread through other means such as coughing, sneezing, or sharing utensils with an infected person. Once the virus enters the body, it multiplies in the throat and lymphocytes, leading to the characteristic symptoms.
Diagnosis of glandular fever usually involves physical examination, blood tests to detect the presence of antibodies, and possibly a throat culture or a specialized test called the monospot test. Treatment typically consists of rest, over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate symptoms, and fluids to prevent dehydration. Antibiotics are not effective for treating glandular fever since it is a viral infection.
While glandular fever is generally a self-limiting illness, it is important for individuals to rest, maintain good hydration, and avoid contact sports or activities that may pose a risk of injury to the enlarged spleen. Potential complications from glandular fever include rupture of the spleen, hepatitis, and secondary infections. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor symptoms closely and seek medical attention if they worsen or persist.
