GLUTAMINE AMIDOPHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE Meaning and
Definition
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Glutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase, also known as GPAT or amidotransferase, is an essential enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides in living organisms. It is a key component of the de novo pathway for purine synthesis found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The function of glutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase is to catalyze the transfer of the amido group from glutamine to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), forming 5-phosphoribosylamine (PRA). This reaction is the first committed step in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway and is crucial for the production of AMP and GMP, which are vital building blocks for DNA and RNA synthesis.
The enzyme glutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase is highly conserved across different species, indicating its fundamental importance in cellular metabolism. It requires the presence of divalent metal ions, such as magnesium or manganese, for its catalytic activity. In addition, it exhibits regulatory properties, where feedback inhibition by the end-products AMP, GMP, and IMP plays a role in maintaining purine homeostasis within the cell.
Deficiency or malfunction of glutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase can lead to various disorders in humans, such as immunodeficiency syndromes and metabolic diseases. Hence, this enzyme represents an important target for drug development, as its inhibition could potentially be exploited for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with excessive purine synthesis or abnormal purine metabolism.
Common Misspellings for GLUTAMINE AMIDOPHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE
- flutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- vlutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- blutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- hlutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- ylutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- tlutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- gkutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- gputamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- goutamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- glytamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- glhtamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- gljtamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- glitamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- gl8tamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- gl7tamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- gluramine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- glufamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- glugamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- gluyamine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
- glu6amine amidophosphoribosyltransferase
Etymology of GLUTAMINE AMIDOPHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE
The word "Glutamine Amidophosphoribosyltransferase" is a scientific term that describes an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. Its etymology can be broken down as follows:
1. Glutamine: Derived from the Greek word "glouton" meaning "glutton". It refers to an amino acid that is an essential building block of proteins.
2. Amidophosphoribosyl: A combination of the words "amido" (indicating the presence of an amide group) and "phosphoribosyl" (referring to a molecule that contains a ribose sugar and a phosphate group). This term indicates that the enzyme transfers the amido group from glutamine to phosphoribose.
3. Transferase: Derived from the Latin term "transferre", meaning "to carry across".
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