Hardening of the arteries, also known as arteriosclerosis, refers to a medical condition characterized by the progressive thickening and stiffening of the arterial walls. It is commonly caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, inflammatory cells, and fibrous tissue within the arteries, which is collectively referred to as atherosclerosis.
As this condition progresses, it leads to a reduction in the flexibility and elasticity of the arterial walls, causing them to become narrower and less capable of dilating and contracting. This results in a decrease in blood flow to various organs and tissues throughout the body. Moreover, the build-up of plaque within the arteries can eventually cause partial or complete blockage, leading to serious health complications such as heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease.
Hardening of the arteries can be influenced by several risk factors including age, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of the disease. Early symptoms are often non-specific, making it important to identify risk factors and detect the condition early through routine check-ups and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, imaging studies, and angiography.
Management and treatment of hardening of the arteries primarily focus on reducing cardiovascular risk factors and preventing further plaque build-up. This involves lifestyle modifications such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, weight management, and medications to control blood pressure and cholesterol levels. In severe cases, invasive procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be required to restore blood flow to blocked arteries.
