Induration of the arteries, also known as arteriosclerosis, is a medical condition characterized by the hardening and thickening of the walls of the arteries. It occurs primarily due to the buildup of plaque and calcification in the arterial walls, leading to a loss of elasticity and narrowing of the blood vessels. This condition can affect various arteries throughout the body, including those supplying the heart, brain, kidneys, and extremities.
Arteriosclerosis is typically caused by a combination of factors, including aging, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. These risk factors contribute to the accumulation of fatty deposits called plaques in the arteries, leading to inflammation and subsequent formation of scar tissue. Over time, this process can lead to the progressive narrowing of the arteries, restricting blood flow and oxygen supply to vital organs and tissues.
The consequences of induration of the arteries can be serious and potentially life-threatening. Reduced blood flow can result in conditions such as angina, heart attack, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and kidney problems. Symptoms may vary depending on the affected arteries but can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, cognitive impairment, leg pain during walking, and kidney dysfunction.
Management of induration of the arteries involves lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and maintaining a healthy weight. Additionally, medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels. In some cases, surgical interventions such as angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow in severely affected arteries.
