Insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF receptors) are cell surface proteins that play a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth, development, and metabolism. These receptors are activated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are small proteins involved in promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
IGF receptors are transmembrane receptors that are predominantly present on the cell surface, but can also be found internally within the cell. They are widely expressed in various cell types and tissues throughout the body. There are two distinct types of IGF receptors – type 1 (IGF-1R) and type 2 (IGF-2R) – each having unique functions.
IGF-1R is responsible for mediating the cellular responses to IGF-1 and IGF-2 ligands. Once activated, IGF-1R triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and survival. It also interacts with insulin receptors, forming hybrid receptors to enhance signaling.
IGF-2R, on the other hand, has a different role in the cell. It acts as a clearance receptor that binds to IGF-2 and prevents its activation of IGF-1R, thereby regulating the availability and activity of IGF-2.
Aberrant activation or dysfunction of IGF receptors has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and certain growth disorders. Consequently, targeting IGF receptors has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for these conditions.
In summary, insulin-like growth factor receptors are cell surface proteins that bind to IGF ligands, thereby regulating crucial cellular processes such as growth, development, and metabolism. They play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are of significant interest in disease research and drug development.
