Ischaemic heart disease, also known as coronary heart disease, is a medical condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked, leading to insufficient blood flow. This narrowing or blockage is typically caused by a build-up of fatty deposits called plaques in the arteries (atherosclerosis).
The decreased blood flow means that the heart muscle does not receive the amount of oxygen and nutrients it needs to function properly. As a result, individuals with ischaemic heart disease may experience symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort known as angina. In severe cases, the reduced blood flow can lead to a heart attack, where the blood supply to a section of the heart is completely blocked, causing permanent damage to the heart muscle.
Ischaemic heart disease is commonly associated with risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors can contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, ultimately leading to ischaemic heart disease.
The management and treatment of ischaemic heart disease include lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and quitting smoking. Medications may also be prescribed to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, or prevent blood clots. In some cases, medical procedures like coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.
