Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) is a member of the Arenaviridae family and belongs to the Old World arenaviruses. It is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that can infect rodents, including house mice and hamsters, which serve as natural reservoirs. LCMV can also infect humans, causing a wide range of symptoms.
LCMV can be transmitted to humans through exposure to infected rodents or by inhaling dust or droplets contaminated with the virus. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or through organ transplantation.
In humans, LCMV can cause a mild infection with flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. However, in rare cases, it can lead to severe conditions, including meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), or meningoencephalitis (inflammation of both the brain and spinal cord). These severe cases can result in long-term neurological complications or even death.
Laboratory tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology, are commonly used to diagnose LCMV infection. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment available for LCMV, so management mainly involves supportive care to relieve symptoms.
Prevention of LCMV revolves around avoiding exposure to rodents, adhering to proper hygiene measures, and implementing rodent control measures in residential and occupational settings. Researchers continue to study LCMV to improve prevention strategies and develop potential antiviral treatments.
