MPGN, also known as Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, is a rare autoimmune kidney disorder characterized by inflammation and thickening of the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. This condition affects the kidneys' ability to function properly and can lead to various complications.
The term "Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis" can be broken down to better understand its meaning. "Membranoproliferative" refers to the thickening of the glomerular membrane caused by the accumulation of immune complexes and abnormal cells. "Glomerulonephritis" denotes inflammation and damage to the glomeruli of the kidneys.
MPGN can be classified into different types based on the underlying cause and microscopic appearance. The two main classifications are Type I and Type II, with Type II previously known as Dense Deposit Disease. Type I MPGN is often associated with immune complex deposition, while Type II is characterized by abnormal deposits known as dense deposits that disrupt the glomeruli.
Common symptoms of MPGN include blood in the urine, proteinuria, high blood pressure, swelling, and reduced urine output. If left untreated, MPGN can progressively lead to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.
Treatment for MPGN aims to manage symptoms, slow down the progression of the disease, and preserve kidney function. This may involve medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to control blood pressure. In severe cases, kidney transplantation may be necessary.
