Nevus of Ota, also referred to as oculodermal melanocytosis or oculomucodermal melanocytosis, is a rare pigmentation disorder that affects the eye and surrounding skin. It is characterized by a bluish-gray or slate-colored birthmark, most commonly located on the face.
This condition is typically present from birth, caused by an excess of melanocytes (cells responsible for producing pigment) in the affected area. The discoloration often affects the skin around the eyes, extending outward to the forehead, temple, and cheek. In some cases, the pigmentation can also be observed in the sclera (the white part of the eye), iris, and inner ear.
While the exact cause of Nevus of Ota is not well understood, it is believed to be a result of an abnormal migration and concentration of melanocytes during embryonic development. It predominantly occurs in individuals of Asian, African, and Hispanic descent and is more commonly found in females.
Though Nevus of Ota is typically a benign condition, it is associated with an increased risk of developing certain eye disorders, such as glaucoma or uveal melanoma. Therefore, regular eye examinations are recommended for individuals with this condition to monitor and manage any potential complications. Various treatment options are available to lighten or remove the pigmentation, including laser therapies or surgical excision, if desired for cosmetic purposes.
