NPH is an abbreviation that stands for "Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus." It is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain's ventricles, leading to enlarged ventricles, increased intracranial pressure, and potential damage to brain tissue. NPH typically affects older adults, primarily those over the age of 60.
The condition is referred to as "normal pressure" hydrocephalus because the cerebrospinal fluid pressure remains within the normal range, despite the accumulation. The exact cause of NPH is not well understood, but it can occur due to various reasons, including infections, head trauma, bleeding in the brain, or underlying conditions such as tumors or meningitis.
The hallmark symptoms of NPH are known as the "classic triad," which includes gait disturbance or difficulty walking, urinary incontinence or urgency, and cognitive impairment or dementia. However, not all individuals with NPH may experience the complete triad, and some may show symptoms more prominently than others.
Diagnosis of NPH involves a combination of clinical evaluation, neurological assessments, brain imaging (such as CT scans or MRI), and lumbar puncture to measure CSF pressure. Treatment options often include surgical interventions, mainly the implantation of a shunt system to divert excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body.
Early recognition and intervention of NPH are crucial to prevent further brain damage and improve the quality of life for affected individuals. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare professionals are recommended to monitor the condition and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.
