OXIDIZED GLUTATHIONE Meaning and
Definition
-
Oxidized glutathione refers to a form of the molecule glutathione that has undergone an oxidation reaction, resulting in the loss of electrons. Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glycine, and glutamate. It plays a vital role in various cellular processes, particularly in maintaining cellular redox balance and protecting cells from oxidative stress.
When glutathione becomes oxidized, it transforms into a disulfide form called oxidized glutathione or GSSG. This conversion occurs when a molecule of glutathione donates an electron to a reactive oxygen species (ROS) or other oxidizing agents during the defense against oxidative damage. This electron transfer results in the formation of a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues within the molecule.
The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is crucial in determining the redox state of a cell. The oxidative stress caused by excess ROS can result in an increased GSSG-to-GSH ratio, indicating a shift towards a more oxidized state. This imbalance can disrupt normal cellular functions and contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
Monitoring the levels of oxidized glutathione can provide valuable insights into cellular redox status and oxidative stress levels. Researchers use various techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry to accurately measure the concentrations of oxidized glutathione in biological samples.
Common Misspellings for OXIDIZED GLUTATHIONE
- ixidized glutathione
- kxidized glutathione
- lxidized glutathione
- pxidized glutathione
- 0xidized glutathione
- 9xidized glutathione
- ozidized glutathione
- ocidized glutathione
- odidized glutathione
- osidized glutathione
- oxudized glutathione
- oxjdized glutathione
- oxkdized glutathione
- oxodized glutathione
- ox9dized glutathione
- ox8dized glutathione
- oxisized glutathione
- oxixized glutathione
- oxicized glutathione
- oxifized glutathione
Etymology of OXIDIZED GLUTATHIONE
The word "oxidized" comes from the Latin word "oxidare", which means "to oxidize". The term "oxidize" refers to a chemical reaction that involves the addition of oxygen or the removal of hydrogen from a molecule or compound.
The word "glutathione" has a more complex etymology. It is derived from the Greek words "glutos" meaning "glue" and "thio" meaning "sulfur". Glutathione is a peptide made up of three amino acids - glutamate, cysteine, and glycine - which are linked together by peptide bonds. The name "glutathione" was coined in 1921 by the French chemist F. Chaillett and G. Gautron, who isolated the substance from yeast extracts.
