A point compass is a navigational instrument used to determine the cardinal directions of north, east, south, and west. It consists of a circular disk or dial marked with these directions and a magnetic needle, which aligns with the Earth's magnetic field to point towards magnetic north.
The circular disk of a point compass is typically divided into 360 degrees, with each degree representing a specific angle relative to north. The cardinal directions of north, east, south, and west are marked, usually with letters N, E, S, and W respectively. Intermediate directions such as northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest are often indicated as well.
The key component of a point compass is the magnetic needle, which is balanced on a pivot, allowing it to rotate freely. The needle is magnetized and aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic field, causing it to point towards magnetic north. The user can then determine the other cardinal directions by referencing the markings on the circular disk.
Point compasses are commonly used in outdoor activities, such as hiking, orienteering, and map reading, where a precise understanding of cardinal directions is essential for navigation. They are also employed in maritime and aviation industries, where accurate direction measurement is crucial for safe travel. With the advent of digital technology, modern compasses may also include additional features such as Global Positioning System (GPS) capabilities and electronic displays for enhanced navigation.
