PregnancyAssociated Choreoathetoses (PAC) is a relatively rare neurological disorder that occurs during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal involuntary movements, including chorea (irregular, jerky movements) and athetosis (slow, writhing movements).
These movement disorders usually affect the face, arms, and legs, but can also involve the trunk. They may appear suddenly and worsen with voluntary activity or emotional stress. The symptoms can be mild or severe, and they tend to fluctuate throughout the day.
The exact cause of PAC is not well understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. It is thought that the increased levels of certain hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, may affect the function of the basal ganglia, a group of structures in the brain that are involved in movements.
Diagnosis of PAC is often made based on clinical symptoms and ruling out other possible causes of choreoathetosis. This may involve conducting a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, imaging studies, and genetic testing.
Treatment of PAC aims to alleviate the symptoms and improve quality of life. Medications that act on the nervous system, such as dopamine receptor blockers or anticonvulsants, may be prescribed to help manage the abnormal movements. In some cases, physical and occupational therapy may be beneficial in improving muscle control and coordination.
While PAC can be distressing for affected individuals, it is generally a temporary condition that resolves within weeks or months after delivery. With appropriate medical care and support, most individuals with PAC can fully recover and go on to have a healthy pregnancy and childbirth experience.
