Proto-oncogene proteins Jun, also known as c-Jun, are a group of nuclear proteins that, when aberrantly activated or overexpressed, can lead to the development of cancer. They belong to the immediate-early response transcription factors, belonging to the AP-1 (activator protein-1) family. AP-1 is a transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating gene expression in response to various external stimuli such as growth factors, cytokines, stressors, and extracellular signals.
Proto-oncogene proteins Jun play a vital role in cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, as well as in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. The proteins consist of various domains, including the N-terminal transactivation domain, followed by a DNA-binding domain, and a leucine zipper dimerization domain at the C-terminal end. This dimerization domain enables Jun proteins to form stable homo- or heterodimers with other members of the AP-1 family, such as Fos proteins, resulting in the activation of target genes.
Abnormal activation or overexpression of proto-oncogene proteins Jun can disrupt the balance of cell signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of tumors. Jun proteins can be activated through a variety of mechanisms, such as mutations, chromosomal translocations, viral infections, or alterations in upstream signaling pathways.
Understanding the role of proto-oncogene proteins Jun in cancer development is crucial for the development of targeted therapies that can specifically inhibit their activity, potentially providing more effective treatment options for certain types of cancer.
