The root of a tooth refers to the bottom part or the lower portion of a tooth, which is embedded in the jawbone. It is an essential anatomical structure that connects the tooth to the surrounding bone, providing stability and support. The root plays a crucial role in anchoring the tooth in its proper position within the dental arch.
Typically, a tooth root is made up of dentin, a hard and calcified tissue, which surrounds the innermost portion called the pulp. The pulp consists of blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues that facilitate the tooth's development and aid in its sensory function. Each tooth typically possesses a single root, although certain teeth like molars can have multiple roots.
The root of a tooth is covered by a layer of cementum, which is a specialized connective tissue that acts as a protective coating. This cementum ultimately merges with the periodontal ligament, a fibrous structure that attaches the tooth root to the surrounding bone. Hence, the root is firmly held in place by the collective action of these connective tissues and ligaments.
The root is also the site where the nerve and blood vessels enter the tooth through the root canal, a narrow passage that extends from the pulp chamber within the crown to the tip of the root. This canal allows vital nutrients and sensory information to be transmitted to and from the tooth, ensuring its health and functionality. In cases of root canal treatment, the infected or damaged pulp within the root canal may be removed, followed by cleaning, shaping, and sealing the canal to prevent further infection and preserve the tooth's integrity.
