Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of small abnormal clusters of cells, known as granulomas, in different parts of the body. These granulomas are typically made up of immune cells and can develop in organs such as the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, eyes, and liver, although they can potentially affect any organ or tissue. Sarcoidosis most commonly manifests in the lungs, with respiratory symptoms being the primary complaint.
The exact cause of sarcoidosis remains unknown, but it is believed to arise from an exaggerated immune response triggered by an unknown substance or agent, possibly in response to an infection or environmental factors. It primarily affects adults between the ages of 20 to 40, although it can occur in people of all ages, races, and genders.
Symptoms of sarcoidosis can vary widely depending on which organs are involved, and the disease can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, skin rashes or lesions, blurred vision, joint pain, and weight loss.
Diagnosis of sarcoidosis typically involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays or CT scans), as well as blood tests and sometimes a biopsy of affected organs. While there is no cure for sarcoidosis, treatment aims to relieve symptoms, reduce inflammation, and help prevent complications. Corticosteroids are often prescribed as the first-line treatment, and in severe cases, other immunosuppressive medications may be used. Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare professionals are essential to manage the disease effectively.
