STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM Meaning and
Definition
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Structural isomerism refers to the phenomenon in which two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms, typically resulting in distinct chemical and physical properties. These compounds are known as structural isomers, and their differences stem from the variation in the connectivity of their atoms or in the spatial arrangement of their functional groups.
In structural isomerism, the isomers can fall into different categories, including chain isomerism, where the carbon skeleton of the molecule differs, functional group isomerism, where the functional group attached to the carbon skeleton varies, and positional isomerism, in which the position of a functional group changes within the molecule. Additionally, ring isomerism occurs when the compounds have different arrangements of carbon atoms that form cyclic structures.
The concept of structural isomerism is important in organic chemistry as it affects the reactivity, stability, and physical properties of compounds. For instance, different structural isomers of certain substances can have varying boiling points, melting points, solubilities, or biological activities.
By understanding the concept of structural isomerism, chemists can predict and explain the behavior and properties of compounds with similar molecular formulas but distinct structures. This knowledge forms a foundation for the development and synthesis of new molecules with desired properties and functionalities for various applications in medicine, materials science, and other fields.
Etymology of STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM
The word "structural isomerism" consists of two main components: "structural" and "isomerism".
1. "Structural" can be traced back to the Latin word "structura", which means "building, arrangement, or construction". It entered the English language in the early 17th century and refers to the arrangement or organization of different parts or elements.
2. "Isomerism" is derived from the Greek word "isomerēs", which combines "isos" meaning "equal" and "meros" meaning "part". The term was introduced into English in the mid-19th century and is used in chemistry to describe compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or configurations.
Therefore, the etymology of "structural isomerism" describes the phenomenon of having different structural arrangements in compounds with the same molecular formula.
