Thrush refers to a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of yeast. It primarily affects the mouth and throat, although it can also occur in the genital area or other parts of the body. Thrush commonly occurs in infants, but it can affect people of all ages.
In oral thrush, white patches or plaques appear on the tongue, inner cheeks, palate, and throat. These patches often have a cottage cheese-like appearance and can be painful or cause discomfort while eating or drinking. In some cases, the patches may bleed slightly when scraped or brushed.
Thrush in the genital area, also called vaginal thrush in women, can lead to itching, soreness, and a clumpy, white discharge. It may cause discomfort during sexual intercourse as well. Other types of thrush that affect the skin, nails, or gastrointestinal tract can produce different symptoms and complications.
Common risk factors for developing thrush include a weakened immune system, certain medications such as antibiotics or corticosteroids, poor oral hygiene, hormonal changes, diabetes, and wearing dentures. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, such as oral suspensions, lozenges, creams, or suppositories, to combat the fungal infection. Addressing the underlying cause, such as denture cleaning or adjusting medication doses, is also important to prevent recurrent bouts of thrush.
