A Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT) is a rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) that develops in the cells of the placenta during pregnancy. It is classified as a malignant tumor but typically exhibits low aggressive behavior compared to other GTDs.
PSTTs arise from the abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells, which are responsible for nourishing the developing fetus. Unlike most forms of GTDs, which occur after gestational termination, PSTTs can develop during or after a normal pregnancy, as well as in cases of molar pregnancies or spontaneous abortions.
Clinically, PSTTs often resemble benign conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Symptoms may include irregular vaginal bleeding, uterine enlargement, persistent hCG elevation, or anemia. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI can help detect regional spread or map tumor extent. Histologically, PSTTs are characterized by distinctive features, including infiltrative growth, intermediate trophoblastic proliferation, and the presence of cytotrophoblastic and syncytial-type cells.
Treatment for PSTT commonly involves surgical removal of the tumor, often necessitating a hysterectomy. Chemotherapy may also be implemented for advanced or persistent cases. PSTTs generally exhibit slow growth and a favorable prognosis, with the majority of patients achieving long-term survival after treatment.
Overall, Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor is a unique and uncommon type of gestational trophoblastic disease that arises from abnormal trophoblastic cell growth. Its recognition and proper management are crucial due to the potential risks it poses to the mother, and regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.
