PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR Meaning and
Definition
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A placental trophoblastic tumor is a rare type of tumor that develops in the cells of the placenta or the tissue that normally forms the placenta during pregnancy. Trophoblastic cells are responsible for the growth of the placenta and the production of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). These tumors can have both benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) forms.
In the benign form, known as a placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), the tumor develops in the area where the placenta was attached to the uterine wall. It grows slowly and does not typically spread to other parts of the body. However, it may invade nearby tissues or organs and cause symptoms such as vaginal bleeding or an enlarged uterus.
In the malignant form, called choriocarcinoma, the cells become cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body such as the lungs, liver, or brain. Choriocarcinomas are characterized by rapid growth and can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or shortness of breath if they spread to the lungs.
Treatment for placental trophoblastic tumors typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells. Close monitoring of hCG hormone levels is also important to detect any recurrence or persistence of the tumor. With early detection and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for patients with placental trophoblastic tumors can be favorable, particularly for those with PSTT.
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