Pulmonary infundibular stenosis, also known as pulmonary artery stenosis, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by the narrowing or constriction of the pulmonary infundibulum, which is the area just above the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary infundibulum connects the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary artery, allowing deoxygenated blood to flow from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
This condition typically arises due to the abnormal thickening or narrowing of the pulmonary valve or the surrounding muscular tunnel, leading to restricted blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. As a result, the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed area of the infundibulum, potentially leading to heart failure and insufficient oxygen supply to the body.
Common symptoms of pulmonary infundibular stenosis include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, and fainting. In severe cases, individuals may exhibit bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds, indicating decreased oxygen levels.
Diagnosis of this condition is usually made through a combination of physical examination, medical history analysis, and imaging techniques such as echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or MRI scans.
Treatment options for pulmonary infundibular stenosis depend on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not require immediate intervention, while moderate to severe forms may necessitate surgical procedures like balloon valvuloplasty or valve replacement to alleviate the constriction and restore normal blood flow. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
