Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children. It is named after Max Wilms, a German surgeon who first described the disease in 1899. This malignant tumor predominantly occurs in children between the ages of 2 and 5, and it rarely manifests in older children or adults.
Wilms tumor originates in the kidneys, specifically in the part that filters blood and produces urine. It typically affects only one kidney, but can occasionally develop in both kidneys. The tumor is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of kidney cells, leading to the formation of a solid mass or lump within the affected organ.
Some common symptoms of Wilms tumor include a painless mass or swelling in the abdomen, abdominal pain, blood in the urine, and hypertension. However, the tumor can sometimes grow quite large before showing any obvious signs or symptoms.
The causes of Wilms tumor are unclear, but it is believed to arise as a result of genetic mutations that occur during early kidney development in the womb. Certain genetic conditions, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome or WAGR syndrome, are known to increase the risk of developing Wilms tumor.
Treatment options for Wilms tumor are primarily based on surgical removal of the tumor, often followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy. The prognosis for children with Wilms tumor is generally favorable, with a high rate of successful treatment and good long-term survival rates. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for potential recurrence or any long-term effects of the treatment.
