Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a cancerous tumor that predominantly affects the kidneys, particularly in children. It is the most common form of kidney cancer in this age group, usually occurring in children aged 3 to 4 years. The tumor derives its name from Max Wilms, a German surgeon who first described it in 1899.
Wilms tumor typically develops in one kidney and rarely affects both kidneys simultaneously. The tumor usually arises from immature kidney cells that fail to develop into mature kidney cells, resulting in uncontrolled growth. Genetic factors are believed to play a role in its development, although the exact causes remain unclear.
Common symptoms associated with Wilms tumor include a noticeable lump or swelling in the abdomen, pain, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, and abnormal urine color. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.
Treatment options for Wilms tumor involve a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Since the tumor is highly responsive to treatment, the prognosis for children with Wilms tumor is generally favorable, with an overall survival rate of around 90%. Close monitoring and follow-up care are necessary to detect any potential recurrence or long-term effects of treatment.
In summary, Wilms tumor is a kidney cancer that primarily affects children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure a positive outcome for affected individuals.
